website = 'Braithwaite I/O'

f'Welcome to {website}!'

from IPython.display import HTML
HTML('<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/kGd1TVfP_Ds" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>')

f'Welcome to {website.upper()}!'

portfolio = {'AAPL': 222.77, 'RHT': 122.31, 'GOOGL': 1111.77}

f'${portfolio['GOOGL']}USD'

f"${portfolio['GOOGL']}USD"

f"${portfolio['GOOGL']:,}USD"

import datetime

NOW = datetime.datetime.now()

f'This notebook was run on {NOW:%d %B %Y} at {NOW:%H:%M}!'

class Drink:
    def __init__(self, name, caffine):
        self.name = name
        self.caffine = caffine

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.name}'

    def caffine_for_quantity(self, size=100000):
        return (
            f'{self.name} has {self.caffine*size:.0f} '
            f'mg for {size/1000:.0f} grams.'
        )

coffee = Drink('Coffee', .0004)

coffee.caffine_for_quantity()

f'{coffee.caffine_for_quantity(459732)}'

import timeit

format_funcs = {
    'f-strings': """
def format(superhero, rank):
    return f'{superhero} has a rank of {rank}!'
""",
    '%-formatting': """
def format(superhero, rank):
    return '%s has a rank of %s!' % (superhero, str(rank))
""",
    '.format()': """
def format(superhero, rank):
    return '{} has a rank of {}!'.format(superhero, str(rank))
""",
    'concatenation +': """
def format(superhero, rank):
    return superhero + ' has a rank of ' + str(rank) + '!'
""",
    'concatenation ()': """
def format(superhero, rank):
    return superhero, ' has a rank of ', str(rank), '!'
"""
}

test_func = """def test_format():
    for superhero in ('Wonder Woman', 'Supergirl', 'Batman', 'Robin'):
        for rank in range (1, 101):
            format(superhero, rank)
"""

data = []

for key, func in format_funcs.items():
    data.append({
        'method': key,
        'time': float(timeit.timeit('test_format()', func + test_func, number=10000))
    })

%matplotlib inline
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame([
    {'method': 'f-strings', 'time': 1.2825216680000153},
    {'method': '%-formatting', 'time': 2.282235770999989},
    {'method': '.format()', 'time': 2.983771015000002},
    {'method': 'concatenation +', 'time': 1.9718771689999812},
    {'method': 'concatenation ()', 'time': 1.402194948999977}
])

df.sort_values('time').plot(
    kind='barh', 
    x='method', 
    y='time', 
    figsize=(12, 6), 
    fontsize=14, 
    legend=False
)